Difference between steel and reinforced concrete structures

In the modern construction industry, choosing the right structure is a key factor affecting the durability, construction progress, cost and aesthetics of the project. The two most commonly used structural systems today are steel and reinforced concrete. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, and is suitable for different purposes. So what is the difference between them? Let's find out in detail with CMC Architects in the article below.

1. Overview of steel and reinforced concrete structures

1.1 What is steel structure?

Steel structure is a structural system that uses steel as the main material to bear the force. Components such as columns, beams, trusses, frames, etc. are prefabricated at the factory and assembled at the construction site by bolts or welding. 

The biggest advantage of steel structure is high strength, light weight, easy and quick installation and can be reused. Therefore, steel structure is often used for industrial buildings, factories, high-rise buildings, steel bridges, stadiums, etc.

1.2 Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete (RC) is a type of structure that combines concrete and steel. In which, concrete bears compressive force, and steel bears tensile force, creating a composite structure that can withstand force well in both directions. 

RC is the most widely used structure in construction today thanks to its reasonable price, good load-bearing capacity, high stability and especially long-term durability in harsh environmental conditions.

2. Comparison of steel and reinforced concrete structures

2.1 Materials

Steel configuration

- Use hot rolled steel, shaped steel or composite steel.

- Light weight, easy to transport, but requires anti-rust paint and regular maintenance.

- Steel can be recycled, reducing environmental impact if managed well.

Reinforced concrete

- Including cement, sand, stone and steel reinforcement.

- Heavy weight, more cumbersome during construction.

- Less affected by corrosive environments if properly designed and constructed.

2.2 Durability and structural properties

Steel structure

- High strength, withstands large loads on a small area.

- Good elasticity, effective resistance to dynamic forces (wind, earthquake).

- However, it is easy to deform under high temperatures and requires fire resistance and corrosion resistance.

Reinforced concrete

- Durable over time, less likely to deform.

- Has better heat and fire resistance than steel.

- But is prone to surface cracking, especially if the concrete is not properly cured.

2.3 Flexibility in design

Steel structure

- Flexible in architectural design: easy to change size, structural shape.

- Easy to expand, add floors or renovate in the future.

- Suitable for projects requiring large apertures and open spaces.

Reinforced concrete

- Limited ability to change after construction.

- However, it is easy to create complex details such as arched columns, curved roofs...

- Suitable for civil works, houses, apartments, offices.

2.4 Construction speed

- Steel structure: Construction is faster because it is pre-fabricated at the factory and then installed at the construction site. This helps shorten the progress, save labor costs and limit weather risks.

- Reinforced concrete: Construction on site, must pour concrete, cure and remove formwork. Construction time is longer and depends a lot on environmental conditions.